Which symptom after lumbar puncture would require immediate medical evaluation?

• A. Mild back discomfort
• B. Headache
• C. Fever with neck stiffness
• D. Nausea

Answer: (C)

Fever with neck stiffness after a lumbar puncture is a red flag that signals possible meningitis or another CNS infection. The LP breaches the protective barriers around the brain and spinal cord, so new fever coupled with meningeal signs suggests an infection rather than a benign post-procedure symptom. This combination warrants urgent evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and start treatment promptly, because bacterial meningitis can progress rapidly and become life-threatening.

Mild back discomfort or a post-lumbar puncture headache and nausea can occur commonly after the procedure and are usually self-limiting or manageable. They don’t typically indicate a serious infection. The presence of fever with neck stiffness, however, shifts the concern toward meningitis and requires immediate medical attention and workup.