Which are classes of disease-modifying therapies used in multiple sclerosis?

• A. Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals
• B. Immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators
• C. Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors
• D. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics

Answer: (B)

In multiple sclerosis, disease-modifying therapies are aimed at altering the immune processes that drive demyelination and relapse, not just treating symptoms. The effective classes include immunomodulators (which adjust the immune response), monoclonal antibodies (which target specific immune components or pathways), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (which prevent immune cells from entering the CNS). Examples include immunomodulators like interferons or glatiramer acetate, monoclonal antibodies such as natalizumab or ocrelizumab, and S1P receptor modulators like fingolimod. The other options describe drugs used for infections, cardiovascular conditions, or psychiatric symptoms, which do not modify the disease course of MS.